Whakataki mō te USB 4
Ko te USB4 te pūnaha USB kua tohua i roto i te whakatakotoranga USB4. I tukuna e te Huinga Kaiwhakawhanake USB tana putanga 1.0 i te 29 o Ākuhata, 2019. Ko te ingoa katoa o te USB4 ko te Universal Serial Bus Generation 4. I ahu mai i te hangarau tuku raraunga "Thunderbolt 3" i whakawhanakehia ngātahitia e Intel me Apple. Ka taea e te tere tuku raraunga o te USB4 te eke ki te 40 Gbps, he rua te tere o te USB 3.2 hou (Gen2×2).
Kāore i rite ki ngā paerewa kawa USB o mua, me whai hononga USB-C te USB4, ā, me tautoko hoki i te USB PD hei tuku hiko. Ki te whakatauritea ki te USB 3.2, ka taea te hanga i ngā kauhanga DisplayPort me te PCI Express. Mā tēnei hoahoa ka tautuhia he tikanga mō te tohatoha hihiri i tētahi hononga tere-teitei kotahi me ngā momo taputapu maha, ka taea te whakahaere pai i te tuku raraunga mā te momo me te tono. Me tautoko ngā hua USB4 i te tere tuku o te 20 Gbit/s, ā, me tautoko hoki i te tere tuku o te 40 Gbit/s. Heoi, nā te tuku kauhanga, i te wā e tuku ana i ngā raraunga whakauru, ahakoa ka tukuna ngā raraunga i te tere o te 20 Gbit/s, tera pea he teitei ake te tere tuku raraunga tuturu i tērā o te USB 3.2 (USB 3.1 Gen 2).
E rua ngā putanga o te USB4: 20Gbps me te 40Gbps. Tērā pea ka tukuna e ngā taputapu me te atanga USB4 te tere 40Gbps o te Thunderbolt 3, te putanga iti rānei o te 20Gbps. Ki te hiahia koe ki te hoko i tētahi taputapu me te tere tuku tere rawa atu, arā, 40Gbps, he pai ake te tirotiro i ngā whakatakotoranga i mua i te hoko. Mō ngā āhuatanga e hiahia ana ki te tuku tere-teitei, he mea nui te whiriwhiri i te USB 3.1 C KI C e tika ana, nā te mea koinei te kaikawe matua mō te whakatutuki i te tere 40Gbps.
He tokomaha te hunga e pōhēhē ana mō te whanaungatanga i waenga i te USB4 me te Thunderbolt 4. Inaa, i hangaia te Thunderbolt 4 me te USB4 i runga i te kawa matua o te Thunderbolt 3. Ka tautoko tetahi i tetahi, ā, he hototahi hoki. He Momo-C ngā atanga katoa, ā, ko te tere mōrahi ko te 40 Gbps mō ngā mea e rua.
Tuatahi, ko te Taura USB4 e kōrerohia nei ko te paerewa tuku o te USB, he whakaritenga kawa e pā ana ki te mahi me te whai huatanga o te tuku USB. Ka taea te mārama ko te USB4 te "whakatipuranga tuawhā" o tēnei whakaritenga.
I whakaarohia ngātahitia te kawa tuku USB e ngā kamupene maha tae atu ki a Compaq, DEC, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, NEC, me Nortel i te tau 1994. I tukuna hei putanga USB V0.7 i te 11 o Noema, 1994. Nō muri mai, i whakatūria e ēnei kamupene he whakahaere kore-moni hei whakatairanga me te tautoko i te USB i te tau 1995, ko te ingoa ko te USB Implementers Forum, koinei te USB-IF e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, ā, ko te USB-IF ināianei te whakahaere paerewa USB.
I te tau 1996, i whakaarohia mana e te USB-IF te whakatakotoranga USB1.0. Heoi, ko te tere tuku o te USB1.0 he 1.5 Mbps anake, ko te iahiko putanga mōrahi he 5V/500mA, ā, i taua wā, he iti noa ngā taputapu taha e tautoko ana i te USB, nō reira he onge te hanga tika a ngā kaihanga papahoahoa i ngā atanga USB ki runga i te papahoahoa.
▲USB 1.0
I te marama o Hepetema 1998, i tukuna e te USB-IF te whakatakotoranga USB 1.1. I whakapiki ake te tere tuku ki te 12 Mbps i tēnei wā, ā, i whakatikatikaina ētahi taipitopito hangarau i roto i te USB 1.0. I noho tonu te iahiko putanga mōrahi ki te 5V/500mA.
I te marama o Āperira 2000, i whakaurua mai te paerewa USB 2.0, me te tere tuku o te 480 Mbps, arā, 60MB/s. E 40 ngā wā e nui ake ana i te USB 1.1. Ko te iahiko putanga mōrahi ko te 5V/500mA, ā, he hoahoa 4-pine tōna. Kei te whakamahia tonutia te USB 2.0 tae noa mai ki tēnei rā, ā, e taea te kī koinei te paerewa USB roa rawa atu.
I tīmata mai i te USB 2.0, i whakaatu a USB-IF i tōna "pūkenga ahurei" ki te whakaingoa anō.
I te marama o Hune 2003, i whakaingoatia anō e te USB-IF ngā whakatakotoranga me ngā paerewa o te USB, mā te whakarerekē i te USB 1.0 ki te putanga USB 2.0 Tere-Iti, te USB 1.1 ki te putanga USB 2.0 Tere-Katoa, me te USB 2.0 ki te putanga USB 2.0 Tere-Tiketike.
Heoi, he iti noa te pānga o tēnei panoni ki te āhua o nāianei i taua wā, nā te mea kua wehe atu a USB 1.0 me te 1.1 i te atamira o mua.
I te Whiringa-ā-rangi 2008, i whakaotia e te Rōpū Whakatairanga USB 3.0, i hangaia e ngā kamupene nunui o te umanga pēnei i a Intel, Microsoft, HP, Texas Instruments, NEC, me ST-NXP, te paerewa USB 3.0, ā, i tukuna ki te marea. Ko te ingoa mana i hoatu ko "SuperSpeed". Ko te Rōpū Whakatairanga USB te kawenga matua mō te whakawhanake me te whakatakoto i ngā paerewa raupapa USB, ā, i te mutunga ka tukuna ngā paerewa ki a USB-IF hei whakahaere.
Ko te tere tuku mōrahi o te USB 3.0 ka eke ki te 5.0 Gbps, arā, 640MB/s. Ko te iahiko putanga mōrahi ko te 5V/900mA. He hototahi katoa ki te 2.0, ā, e tautoko ana i te tuku raraunga takirua-katoa (arā, ka taea te whiwhi me te tuku raraunga i te wā kotahi, ko te USB 2.0 he hawhe-takirua), me te pai ake o ngā āheinga whakahaere mana me ētahi atu āhuatanga.
He hoahoa 9-pine te USB 3.0. He rite tonu ngā pine tuatahi e 4 ki ērā o te USB 2.0, ko ngā pine e 5 e toe ana he mea hanga motuhake mō te USB 3.0. Nō reira, ka taea e koe te whakatau mēnā he USB 2.0, he USB 3.0 rānei mā ngā pine.
I te marama o Hūrae 2013, i tukuna te USB 3.1, me te tere tuku o te 10 Gbps (1280 MB/s), e kīia ana ko SuperSpeed+, ā, i whakapiki ake i te ngaohiko hiko mōrahi e whakaaetia ana ki te 20V/5A, arā, 100W.
I tino kitea hoki te whakapai ake o te USB 3.1 ki te USB 3.0. Heoi, kāore i roa i muri mai, ka whakaingoatia anō e te USB-IF te USB 3.0 ki te USB 3.1 Gen1, me te USB 3.1 ki te USB 3.1 Gen2.
I puta he raruraru ki ngā kaihoko nā te mea he maha ngā kaihokohoko nanakia i tohu noa i ngā hua hei tautoko i te USB 3.1 i roto i te takai, me te kore e tohu mēnā he Gen1, he Gen2 rānei. Inaa, he tino rerekē te mahi tuku o ngā mea e rua, ā, tera pea ka taka ngā kaihoko ki roto i te mahanga. Nō reira, he mahi kino tēnei huringa ingoa mō te nuinga o ngā kaihoko.
I te marama o Hepetema 2017, i tukuna te USB 3.2. I raro i te USB Momo-C, ka tautokohia e ia ngā hongere rua 10 Gbps mō te tuku raraunga, me te tere tae atu ki te 20 Gb/s (2500 MB/s), ā, ko te iahiko putanga mōrahi tonu ko te 20V/5A. He iti noa ngā whakapainga mō ētahi atu āhuatanga.
▲Te tukanga whakarerekētanga ingoa USB
Heoi, i te tau 2019, i puta mai a USB-IF me tētahi atu ingoa hou. I tapaina anōtia a USB 3.1 Gen1 (ko te USB 3.0 taketake) ki USB 3.2 Gen1, USB 3.1 Gen2 (ko te USB 3.1 taketake) ki USB 3.2 Gen2, me USB 3.2 ki USB 3.2 Gen 2×2.
Ināianei me te Ao Tūroa: Te Peke Whakamua o te USB4
Nā te mea kua tae tātou ki te USB4, me titiro tātou ki ngā whakapainga me ngā whakapainga o tēnei paerewa kawa hou. Ko te mea tuatahi, nā te mea he whakapainga whakawhiti-whakatipuranga mai i te "3" ki te "4", me tino nui te whakapainga.
I runga i ngā mōhiohio katoa kua kohia e mātou, ko ngā āhuatanga hou o te USB4 kua whakarāpopototia penei:
1. Te tere tuku mōrahi o te 40 Gbps:
Mā te tuku rua-hongere, ko te tere tuku mōrahi o te USB4 me eke ki te 40 Gbps, he rite tonu ki te tere o Thunderbolt 3 (e kiia nei ko "Thunderbolt 3" i raro nei).
Ina hoki, e toru ngā tere tuku o te USB4: 10 Gbps, 20 Gbps, me te 40 Gbps. Nō reira, ki te hiahia koe ki te hoko i tētahi taputapu me te tere tuku teitei rawa atu, arā, 40 Gbps, he pai ake te tirotiro i ngā whakatakotoranga i mua i te hoko.
2. Hototahi ki ngā atanga Thunderbolt 3:
Ka taea hoki e ētahi taputapu USB4 (ehara i te katoa) te hototahi ki ngā atanga Thunderbolt 3. Arā, ki te mea he atanga USB4 tō taputapu, tera pea ka taea te hono i tētahi taputapu Thunderbolt 3 ki waho. Heoi, ehara tēnei i te mea whakahau. Ko te hototahitanga, ko te kore rānei, kei te whakaaro o te kaihanga taputapu.
3. Te āheinga tohatoha rauemi whānui hihiri:
Ki te whakamahia e koe te tauranga USB4 me te whakamahi anō hoki hei hono i tētahi whakaaturanga me te whakawhiti raraunga, ka tohaina e te tauranga te whānui o te raraunga e rite ana ki te āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ki te mea e hiahiatia ana e te ataata he 20% noa iho o te whānui o te raraunga hei taraiwa i tētahi whakaaturanga 1080p, ka taea te whakamahi i te 80% e toe ana o te whānui o te raraunga mō ētahi atu mahi. Kāore i taea tēnei i roto i te USB 3.2 me ngā wā o mua. I mua atu i tēnā, ko te aratau mahi a te USB he huri i te wā.
4. Ka tautokohia e ngā taputapu USB4 katoa te USB PD
Ko te USB PD he USB Power Delivery (USB power transmission), koinei tētahi o ngā tikanga utu tere matua o nāianei. I hangaia hoki e te whakahaere USB-IF. Ka taea e tēnei whakatakotoranga te whakatutuki i ngā ngaohiko me ngā iahiko teitei ake, me te tuku mana mōrahi e eke ki te 100W, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē noa i te ahunga tuku mana.
E ai ki ngā ture o te USB-IF, ko te momo paerewa o te atanga utu USB PD o nāianei ko te USB Momo-C. I roto i te atanga USB Momo-C, e rua ngā pine, CC1 me CC2, e whakamahia ana mō ngā hongere whirihoranga whakawhitiwhiti PD.
5. Ko te atanga USB Momo-C anake ka taea te whakamahi
Mā te āhuatanga o runga ake nei, he mea maori te mōhio ka taea anake e te USB4 te mahi mā roto i ngā hononga USB Momo-C. Inaa, ehara i te mea ko te USB PD anake, engari i roto i ētahi atu paerewa hou o te USB-IF, ka taea anake te whakamahi ki te Momo-C.
6. Ka taea te hototahi ki ngā tikanga o mua
Ka taea te whakamahi tahi i te USB4 me ngā taputapu me ngā tauranga USB 3 me te USB 2. Arā, ka taea e ia te hototahi ki ngā paerewa kawa o mua. Heoi, kāore e tautokona te USB 1.0 me te 1.1. I tēnei wā, kua tata ngaro ngā atanga e whakamahi ana i tēnei kawa i te mākete.
Ae, ina hono ana tētahi pūrere USB4 ki tētahi tauranga USB 3.2, kāore e taea te tuku raraunga i te tere o te 40 Gbps. Ā, e kore te atanga USB 2 tawhito e tere ake nā te mea kua honoa ki tētahi atanga USB4.
Te wā tuku: Hurae-21-2025
