He kupu whakataki ki ngā whakatakotoranga PCIe 5.0

• He kupu whakataki ki ngā whakatakotoranga PCIe 5.0

I oti te whakaritenga PCIe 4.0 i te tau 2017, engari kāore i tautokona e ngā tūāpapa kaihoko tae noa ki te raupapa 7nm Rydragon 3000 a AMD, ā, i mua ko ngā hua anake pēnei i te rorohiko nui, te rokiroki tere-teitei o te akomanga hinonga, me ngā taputapu whatunga i whakamahi i te hangarau PCIe 4.0. Ahakoa kāore anō kia whakamahia te hangarau PCIe 4.0 i runga i te tauine nui, kua roa te whakahaere PCI-SIG e whakawhanake ana i te PCIe 5.0 tere ake, kua rua te tere tohu mai i te 16GT/s o nāianei ki te 32GT/s, ka taea e te whānui o te hononga te eke ki te 128GB/s, ā, kua oti te whakaritenga putanga 0.9/1.0. Kua tukuna te putanga v0.7 o te tuhinga paerewa PCIe 6.0 ki ngā mema, ā, kei te haere tonu te whanaketanga o te paerewa. Kua whakanuia te tere pine o PCIe 6.0 ki te 64 GT/s, e 8 ngā wā o te PCIe 3.0, ā, ka taea e te whānui o te hononga i roto i ngā hongere x16 te nui ake i te 256GB/s. Arā, ko te tere o nāianei o te PCIe 3.0 x8 e hiahiatia ana kia kotahi noa te hongere PCIe 6.0 hei whakatutuki. Mō te v0.7, kua tutuki i te PCIe 6.0 te nuinga o ngā āhuatanga i panuitia tuatahitia, engari kei te pai haere tonu te whakamahinga hiko.d, ā, kua whakaurua houtia e te paerewa te taputapu whirihoranga mana L0p. Heoi anō, i muri i te panuitanga i te tau 2021, ka taea te hoko arumoni i te PCIe 6.0 i te tau 2023, i te tau 2024 rānei i te wā tōmua. Hei tauira, i whakaaetia te PCIe 5.0 i te tau 2019, ā, nō nāianei noa iho ka puta ngā tono.

Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā whakaritenga paerewa o mua, i puta mai ngā whakaritenga PCIe 4.0 i muri tata mai. I whakaurua ngā whakaritenga PCIe 3.0 i te tau 2010, e whitu tau i muri i te whakaurunga o te PCIe 4.0, nō reira he poto pea te roa o te ora o ngā whakaritenga PCIe 4.0. Ina koa, kua tīmata ētahi kaihoko ki te hoahoa i ngā taputapu paparanga ā-tinana PCIe 5.0 PHY.

E matapaetia ana e te whakahaere PCI-SIG ka noho tahi ngā paerewa e rua mō tētahi wā, ā, ko te PCIe 5.0 te mea e whakamahia ana mō ngā taputapu mahi-teitei me ngā whakaritenga tere tere teitei ake, pērā i te GPU mō te AI, ngā taputapu whatunga, me ērā atu mea, ko te tikanga he nui ake te tūponotanga ka puta te PCIe 5.0 i roto i ngā taiao pokapū raraunga, whatunga, me te HPC. Ka taea e ngā taputapu he iti ake ngā whakaritenga whānui, pērā i ngā papamahi, te whakamahi i te PCIe 4.0.

Mō te PCIe 5.0, kua whakapikihia te tere tohu mai i te 16GT/s o te PCIe 4.0 ki te 32GT/s, me te whakamahi tonu i te whakawaehere 128/130, ā, kua whakapikihia te whānui o te x16 mai i te 64GB/s ki te 128GB/s.

Haunga te whakaneke rua i te whānui o te hononga, ka kawea mai e te PCIe 5.0 ētahi atu panonitanga, arā, te whakarerekē i te hoahoa hiko hei whakapai ake i te pono o te tohu, te hototahi whakamuri ki te PCIe, me ētahi atu. Hei tāpiri, kua hangaia te PCIe 5.0 me ngā paerewa hou e whakaiti ana i te whakaroa me te whakaiti i te tohu i ngā tawhiti roa.

E matapaetia ana e te whakahaere PCI-SIG kia oti te putanga 1.0 o te whakatakotoranga i te hauwhā tuatahi o tēnei tau, engari ka taea e rātou te whakawhanake i ngā paerewa, engari kāore e taea e rātou te whakahaere i te wā e whakaurua ai te taputapu pūrua ki te mākete, ā, e matapaetia ana ka puta tuatahi ngā taputapu PCIe 5.0 i tēnei tau, ā, ka puta mai ētahi atu hua i te tau 2020. Heoi, nā te hiahia mō ngā tere teitei ake i akiaki te tinana paerewa ki te tautuhi i te whakatupuranga e whai ake nei o PCI Express. Ko te whāinga o PCIe 5.0 he whakanui ake i te tere o te paerewa i roto i te wā poto rawa. Nō reira, kua hangaia te PCIe 5.0 hei whakanui noa i te tere ki te paerewa PCIe 4.0 me te kore he āhuatanga hou nui atu.

Hei tauira, kāore a PCIe 5.0 e tautoko i ngā tohu PAM 4, ā, ko ngā āhuatanga hou anake e hiahiatia ana hei whakahohe i te paerewa PCIe ki te tautoko i te 32 GT/s i te wā poto rawa.

Ngā wero taputapu

Ko te wero nui i te whakarite i tētahi hua hei tautoko i te PCI Express 5.0 e pā ana ki te roa o te hongere. Ko te tere o te tere o te tohu, ko te teitei ake o te auau kawe o te tohu e tukuna ana mā te papa PC. E rua ngā momo kino ā-tinana e whakawhāiti ana i te whānuitanga o te horapa o ngā tohu PCIe e ngā kaihangarau:

· 1. Te whakaiti i te hongere

· 2. Ngā whakaata e puta ana i roto i te hongere nā te korenga o te aukati i roto i ngā pine, ngā hononga, ngā kōhao me ētahi atu hanganga.

Ka whakamahia e te whakatakotoranga PCIe 5.0 ngā hongere me te whakaitiiti -36dB i te 16 GHz. Ko te auau 16 GHz te tohu o te auau Nyquist mō ngā tohu matihiko 32 GT/s. Hei tauira, ina tīmata te tohu PCIe5.0, tera pea he ngaohiko tihi-ki-te-tiketike noa o te 800 mV. Heoi, i muri i te haere i roto i te hongere -36dB kua tūtohutia, ka ngaro tetahi āhua rite ki te kanohi tuwhera. Mā te whakamahi i te whakataurite i runga i te tuku (te tango-whakanui) me te whakataurite i te kaiwhiwhi (he huinga o CTLE me DFE) ka taea e te tohu PCIe5.0 te haere i roto i te hongere pūnaha me te whakamaori tika e te kaiwhiwhi. Ko te teitei kanohi iti rawa e tumanakohia ana o te tohu PCIe 5.0 ko te 10mV (muri-whakarite). Ahakoa he tuku iti-ngoikore tata-tino, ka whakaitihia e te whakaitiiti nui o te hongere te kaha o te tohu ki te wāhi ka taea te kati i tetahi atu momo kino tohu i puta mai i te whakaata me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hei whakaora i te kanohi.